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- BuildingDefinition and History of Buildings - A building is a structure with a roof and walls, standing permanently in one place. - Buildings can include fences or walls. - Buildings differ from architecture in excluding artistic treatment. - Structural height refers to the highest architectural(...)
- CementTypes of Cement - Cement materials can be classified into hydraulic cements and non-hydraulic cements. - Hydraulic cements require water for setting and hardening, while non-hydraulic cements can set under air. - Hydraulic cements, such as Portland cement, consist of silicates and(...)
- ConcreteDefinition and Composition of Concrete - Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures over time. - It is the second-most-used substance in the world after water. - Concrete is the most widely used building material. - Its usage(...)
- Concrete finisherResponsibilities of a Concrete Finisher - Setting concrete forms to the correct depth and pitch - Placing concrete using various methods such as wagons, pumps, or wheelbarrows - Spreading concrete with shovels and rakes - Screeding or leveling the freshly placed concrete with a(...)
- Concrete floatIntroduction - Purpose and benefits of concrete floats - Types of concrete floats External links - Bull floats and darbies. Concrete Network. - How to use a concrete float. DoItYourself.com. - Different types of concrete floats. The Constructor. - Tips for maintaining concrete floats.(...)
- Concrete sawBlade choice - Consider the diamond saw blades' features and the type of concrete/asphalt being cut - Take into account the presence of steel bars in reinforced concrete - Differentiate between pebbles and crushed rocks in concrete stone aggregate - Account for the curing time of the(...)
- Construction aggregateDefinition and Importance of Construction Aggregate - Construction aggregate is a category of coarse- to medium-grained particulate material used in construction. It includes materials such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates. - Aggregates are(...)
- ContractorDefinition and Types of Contractors - A contractor is a person or company hired to perform a specific job or service. - There are various types of contractors, including general contractors, specialty contractors, and independent contractors. - Contractors can work in various industries(...)
- Decorative concreteConcrete Statues - Concrete statues are made by pouring concrete into a latex mold. - They are often painted and sold as garden ornaments. - The most popular designs are bird baths and garden gnomes. Stamped Concrete - Stamped concrete is the process of adding texture and color to(...)
- DemolitionDemolition Techniques - Manual demolition methods - Use of hydraulic equipment, cranes, and excavators - Wrecking balls for masonry structures - Rotational hydraulic shears and silenced rock-breakers for wood, steel, and concrete - Flame cutting as a dangerous method replaced by shears -(...)
- DrivewayDefinition and Purpose of Driveways - Private road for local access to structures - Owned and maintained by individuals or groups - Rarely have traffic lights - Designed and decorated differently from public roads - Not resurfaced, cleared of snow, or maintained by(...)
- DurabilityRequirements for product durability - Good repairability and regenerability are essential for product durability. - Products must be capable of adapting to technical, technological, and design developments. - Consumers need to be willing to forgo having the latest version of a product for(...)
- General contractorGeneral Contractor Description and Responsibilities - A general contractor oversees construction sites and manages vendors and trades. - They communicate information to all parties involved in the project. - The contractor may act as a building designer and foreman. - They submit proposals(...)
- Masonry trowelTypes of Masonry Trowels - Brick trowel: used for spreading mortar on bricks or concrete blocks - Bucket trowel: wide-bladed tool for scooping mortar from a bucket - Concrete finishing trowel: smooths concrete surfaces - Corner trowel: shapes concrete around corners - Gauging trowel:(...)
- MixerDefinition and Types of Mixers - A mixer is a machine used for mixing liquids and slurries in tanks. - Mixers are commonly used in various industries such as wastewater treatment and agriculture. - Submersible mixers are specifically designed for mixing liquids and slurries in tanks. -(...)
- Polished concreteHistory and Types of Polished Concrete - Oldest known form of polished concrete discovered in Jericho, dating back to 7000 BC - Polished concrete floor found during bulldozing for a new motor speedway - Concrete samples analyzed in a laboratory, dating back to 7000 BC - Process of(...)
- Portland cementHistory and Development of Portland Cement - Portland cement developed from natural cements made in Britain in the 18th century - Named after Portland stone, a building stone quarried in Dorset, England - John Smeaton experimented with different limestones and additives for construction -(...)
- PouringPhysical aspects of pouring - Parameters such as pouring speed, distance between containers, vibration, and heat transfer can affect the liquid being poured. - Changes in the liquid may be desirable or undesirable depending on the context. - Malaysian-style 'teh tarik' involves pouring(...)
- Ready-mix concreteHistory and Growth of Ready-Mix Concrete - First ready-mix delivery made in Baltimore in 1913 - Over 100 plants operating in the United States by 1929 - Significant industry expansion in the 1960s - Continued growth since the 1960s - Dispute over the first factory built Design and(...)
- RebarDefinition, Purpose, and History of Rebar - Rebar is short for reinforcing bar, used to strengthen and support concrete and masonry structures. - It is made of steel and increases the tensile strength of the structure. - Rebar has a ribbed surface to enhance bonding with concrete and(...)
- RoadDefinitions of Roads - Historically, roads were recognizable routes without formal construction or maintenance. - The OECD defines a road as a line of communication for road motor vehicles, including bridges, tunnels, and toll roads. - The Eurostat, ITF, and UNECE define a road as a line of(...)
- ScreedScreed boards and screed rails - A screed board is a flat board or aluminum tool used to smooth and true materials like concrete, stucco, and plaster. - It is used to assist in flattening surfaces after the materials have been placed. - Screed boards are commonly used in building(...)
- SidewalkTerminology and History of Sidewalks - Sidewalk is preferred in most of North America. - Pavement is more common in the United Kingdom and other members of the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as parts of the Mid-Atlantic United States. - Many Commonwealth countries use the term(...)
- Stamped concreteHistory and Evolution of Stamped Concrete - Ancient Romans used basic concrete stamping techniques. - Concrete companies stamped their names and years on public works projects. - Concrete manufacturers started experimenting with decorative techniques in the 1890s. - Brad Bowman developed(...)
- SubbaseDefinition and Properties of Subbase - A subbase of a topological space X is a subcollection B that generates the topology au of X. - The subbase B is the smallest topology containing B. - The collection of open sets consisting of all finite intersections of elements of B, together with X,(...)
- SurfaceDefinition and Types of Surfaces - A surface refers to the outermost layer of an object. - It is the boundary that separates an object from its surroundings. - Surfaces can be smooth, rough, flat, curved, or irregular. - They can be made of various materials such as wood, metal, or fabric. -(...)
- Types of concreteTypes of Concrete Mixes - Mix design depends on project requirements, strength, appearance, and local regulations. - Factors considered include cost of additives and aggregates, slump for mixing and placement, and performance. - Mix design includes cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water,(...)
- Vibrator (mechanical)Vibrators as components - Vibrating alert in smartphones and pagers - Non-electronic buzzers and doorbells with vibrating components - Vibrating mechanism in tattoo machines and electric engraving tools - Aircraft stick shakers using vibrating mechanism for tactile warning - Purpose of(...)