Term: Carbon nanofiber

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**Carbon Nanofibers Overview:**
– Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are nanostructures with enhanced thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties.
– Synthesized primarily through catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) using iron catalysts.
– Existence at the nanometer scale necessitates specialized microscopic examination techniques.
– Historical development dates back to the 1880s, with significant advancements in the 20th century.
– Offer diverse applications in drug delivery, lithium-ion batteries, and various research fields.

**Safety and Health Considerations:**
– Carbon nanofibers pose respiratory health risks and potential carcinogenic effects.
– Hazard identification is challenging due to CNF diversity.
– Recommended exposure limit is 1 μg/m of respirable size fraction elemental carbon.
– Protective equipment includes nitrile gloves and particle respirators.
– Emphasis on occupational safety guidelines and exposure assessments by organizations like NIOSH.

**Synthesis and Manufacturing Techniques:**
– CCVD is a dominant method for CNF synthesis, involving gas decomposition, carbon deposition, and fiber growth.
– Nanofiber diameter is influenced by catalyst size, with iron commonly used.
– Bulk production for various engineering applications achieved through CCVD and electrospinning.
– Continuous carbon nanofibers made through polyacrylonitrile electrospinning and carbonization.
– Composite materials with optimized properties are beneficial for applications like water purification.

**Field Electron Emission and Applications:**
– Field electron emission is induced by electrostatic fields and has various applications.
– Applications include sensors for chemical vapor detection, anodes for lithium-ion batteries, and gene delivery platforms.
– Nanofibers used as carrier materials for catalysts in petrochemistry and in scanning probe microscopy.
– Nanocarbon-activated carbon composites and electrodes for electroanalytical processes are common applications.
– Manufacturing techniques involve the growth of aligned and continuous nanofibers from nanotubes and benzene decomposition.

**Research and Development in Nanofiber Technology:**
– Focus on fabrication techniques, growth processes, and structural analysis of carbon nanofibers.
– Research on electron emission in intense electric fields and occupational exposure assessments.
– Exploration of related technologies like scanning probe microscopy and carbon filament manufacture.
– Study of carbon nanofiber properties in electroanalytical processes and thermal decomposition of carbon oxide.
– Implications for various industries and research fields, emphasizing advancements and ongoing studies.

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